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A 'treasure' of stone with a million years in India

Some stone tools found in Tamil Nadu. :: Science

Axes double-edged stone, cutters and other tools of the so-called Acheulean technology have been discovered in a field in southeast India, where an ancestor of our species used them more than a million years . According to its discoverers, they are the tools of the oldest type found in South Asia and some experts believe could change previous ideas about human migration occurred since leaving Africa. Was always a pre Asia before arriving in Europe?
The research team Indian archaeologists led by Sahti Pappu, located more than 3,500 artifacts from quartzite rock at the site of Attiramapakkam, one of the richest in the Paleolithic, the state of Tamil Nadu, discovered in 1863 by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote.
seven meters deep in the trench T8, came to light hand-axes identical to those modeled in Africa began 1.6 million years ago, so, the authors say the finding, published in Science ', it could help understand how it was the migration of those hominids across Asia.
dated by the tools, the researchers took measurements electromagnetic the sediment that covered. All showed the reverse polarity, ie had been deposited there before the last reversal of Earth's magnetic pole, made between one million and 1.7 million years. With other measures of the isotopes of beryllium and aluminum were able to pinpoint the probable age of around 1.5 million years, although in his article, by prudence, are the most recent age. Asian Biface

Pappu and colleagues point out that the bifaces oldest found outside Africa are those of an Israeli site (Ubeidiya) to 1.4 million years in China (Bose), to 800.00 years, and in Pakistan (POTW), about 500,000 years. On the findings in other sites in southern Asia, suggest that they should be dating again.
Experts are divided about the significance and interpretation of lithic treasure. The archaeologist Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo, digging in Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), in the valley where they found African Acheulean technology, said, "are the tools of this type found oldest to the south of India" if While recalling the dating system used "is not yet known if it is totally reliable" and was known as Homo erectus, possible author of the axes, arrived in Beijing 700,000 years ago.
Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro, director of the National Center for Research in Human Evolution (CENIEH), "is of great scientific interest to find the Acheulian in India, which was supposed to follow the migration route of humans to Indonesia." Bermudez de Castro mentioned the possibility that this technology was invented in parallel in several areas of the world, as happened during the Neolithic. Robin Donnell
Archaeologist, University of Sheffield, believes the Indian finding "implies that this technology spread to South Asia hundreds of thousands of years before by Levant and Europe, where older Acheulean industry has 500,000 years.
According to Professor Donnell, axes were made by Homo erectus. "This means that the bifaces were extended in two phases and two species by H. erectus in Southeast Asia, soon to appear in Africa, and later with H. heildebergensis of Europe." In defintiva, says that human migration ever took us by to the east than west.

hand axes a million years ago in India

a reservoir in South India that has been explored intermittently since 1863, have now been found stone tools of the Acheulean technological style ago at least a million years. Are 70 hand axes and other 3,500 quartzite artifacts such Acheulean that originated in Africa about a million and a half years and spread throughout Eurasia. The discovery, presented in the journal Science helps us to understand migration patterns of ancient humans from southern Asia and Indonesia. Attirampakkam The site is called, is in Tamil Nadu and was discovered by British geologist Bruce Foote.

India humans lived more than 1 million years

dating of artifacts found recently in southern India indicates that early humans lived in the region more than a million years and who used different stone cutting tools Acheulean, according to a study by the Center on Education and Heritage Sharma in Chennai (India) which is published in the journal Science.
The Acheulean A Toolkit originated in Africa about 1.5 million years and is believed to spread throughout Eurasia. However, the exact timing of this expansion has been a mystery for researchers. Knowing the age of hand-axes shaped oval and pear, knives and other artifacts help archaeologists to understand early human migrations to South Asia and the Indonesian archipelago.
The artifacts were discovered in one of the most Paleolithic sites rich in Tamil Nadu (India) called Attirampakkam (pictured). Immersed in Kortallayar River Basin, the site was discovered in 1863 by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote and since then there have been excavations.
The researchers, led by Shanti Pappu, determined ages of these tools, suggesting that humans were present in South Asia for about a million years or earlier, and while there were other people Southwest Asia and Africa.
The team found more than 3,500 stone artifacts of silicon, including more than 70 Acheulean hand axes, knives and rocks. Using paleomagnetic measurements, researchers were able to date the sediments covering the Acheulean tools.
All paleomagnetic measurements in the vicinity of the site showed a reversed polarity, which means that the sediment above the period after the last reversal of Earth's magnetic field. To obtain a more precise age of the artifacts and better constrain the magnetic data, the researchers used a dating technique based on the degradation of aluminum and beryllium isotopes after the grains were buried in sediments (isotopes are produced by exposure to cosmic rays, which ceases after the burial).
Discoveries imply that the first humans migrated with distinctive tools throughout Eurasia a million years ago.

World / Europe press

Polaris Atv Starter Problems

Resolve the controversy over the origin of the Voynich manuscript

This manuscript is a book written in a foreign language is not a series of random signs

Controversies surrounding the manuscript 'Voynich', which is under the aegis of the University of Yale, have been unveiled, thanks to a book dating using carbon-14 method. Specialists
Institution noted that the method implemented allowed to establish the date of preparation of the manuscript, which was written in the fifteenth century.
also concluded that neither the scientific, English theologian and philosopher Roger Bacon, or the specialist in ancient books Wilfrid M. 'Voynich' are the authors of this work. The latter character acquired the manuscript in 1912, and for several years there was speculation that he was the author.
For dating, the study's author, Greg Hodgins, took four short strips of the outside of pages that were not part of pop.
After cleaning and ash impurities to be alone with carbon, the experiment yielded the results previously announced.
reported may never know the theme of the book, since it is likely that the "key" to decrypt it was lost a long time.
dating in archeology is the location of remnants or of cultures in a given period, and was made possible because of the book leaves are vellum but vellum, a type of parchment made with leather.
This manuscript is a book written in a foreign language is not a series of random signs, because it meets certain basic rules common to all real language, for example, that the length of the words used is shorter than the other, which is known as Zipf's law.
This strange book is full of illustrations that represent recognizable plants, or women taking baths.
And some experts believe that whoever the real author could have chosen to encrypt the text to protect their content, probably related to astrology or alchemy.
Throughout its existence the manuscript has been the subject of intense study by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including leading American and British experts deciphered the Second World War (1939-45).
However, none managed to decipher a single word.

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history in stone. Sets new monograph on the Riu de les Coves (Castellón) Found

Cave paintings in shelters in the province of Castellón. :: LP

rock's rich heritage with counts of Castellón province is now a little more accessible thanks to the latest publication of the Monograph of the Institute of Rock Art edited by the Generalitat Valenciana, in collaboration with the Institut Valencià de Bens Conservació i Restauració Culturals (IVACOR). The number 3 is devoted to 'Rock Art in the Riu de les Coves (Castelló)' and its authors are Peter M. Guillem Calatayud, Rafael Martínez Valle and Valentín Villaverde Bonilla. In addition, Martinez and Guillen are responsible for the direction of the series.
The publication has a luxury binding with 250 pages, excellent color images and presentation by the Councillor of Culture, Trinidad Miró, and the director of IVACOR, Carmen Perez. The preface is signed by the scholar Mauro S. Hernández Pérez (Universidad de Alicante).
The authors develop a comprehensive joint analysis of the rock art of the basin or Ríu de les Coves de Sant Miquel, located north of the province. They also analyze the geographic, landscape evolution and prehistoric settlement with the artistic sequence regional. "We wanted to reveal a rich cultural heritage and landscape in a document that we consider the first order," the authors explained exclusively to this newspaper.
"The Valltorta is a classic but in this province there are more. In fact, it is the most important enclave of Valencia rock art along the famous sets of Ares and Gasulla. This book covers all the surveys we have carried out from 1996 to 2006 ', they said. New periodization

Among the most important conclusions that these researchers are extracted periodization and recorded the discovery of goats and bulls. "We dated many sets in the first half of the Holocene, which means they predate the Levantine art "exposed.
Meanwhile, Carmen Perez said the IVACOR is carrying out research work on important rock art. "We are working with new techniques, for example, thermal imaging cameras or 3-D. At present the institute is IVACOR is generating the most innovative techniques in this area thanks to Castellón has a legacy lest we forget is a World Heritage Site, "he added. In this regard, Perez recalled that the rock art can not speak both restoration and conservation. "We are concerned eg ultraviolet radiation, "he noted.
Although the authors have thoroughly studied these sets do not recommend a visit to the public. "We believe that the offer they have enough visitors, and also many of the coats are difficult to access" had.

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