Friday, March 25, 2011

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A 'treasure' of stone with a million years in India

Some stone tools found in Tamil Nadu. :: Science
Axes double-edged stone, cutters and other tools of the so-called Acheulean technology have been discovered in a field in southeast India, where an ancestor of our species used them more than a million years . According to its discoverers, they are the tools of the oldest type found in South Asia and some experts believe could change previous ideas about human migration occurred since leaving Africa. Was always a pre Asia before arriving in Europe?
The research team Indian archaeologists led by Sahti Pappu, located more than 3,500 artifacts from quartzite rock at the site of Attiramapakkam, one of the richest in the Paleolithic, the state of Tamil Nadu, discovered in 1863 by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote.
seven meters deep in the trench T8, came to light hand-axes identical to those modeled in Africa began 1.6 million years ago, so, the authors say the finding, published in Science ', it could help understand how it was the migration of those hominids across Asia.
dated by the tools, the researchers took measurements electromagnetic the sediment that covered. All showed the reverse polarity, ie had been deposited there before the last reversal of Earth's magnetic pole, made between one million and 1.7 million years. With other measures of the isotopes of beryllium and aluminum were able to pinpoint the probable age of around 1.5 million years, although in his article, by prudence, are the most recent age. Asian Biface

Pappu and colleagues point out that the bifaces oldest found outside Africa are those of an Israeli site (Ubeidiya) to 1.4 million years in China (Bose), to 800.00 years, and in Pakistan (POTW), about 500,000 years. On the findings in other sites in southern Asia, suggest that they should be dating again.
Experts are divided about the significance and interpretation of lithic treasure. The archaeologist Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo, digging in Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), in the valley where they found African Acheulean technology, said, "are the tools of this type found oldest to the south of India" if While recalling the dating system used "is not yet known if it is totally reliable" and was known as Homo erectus, possible author of the axes, arrived in Beijing 700,000 years ago.
Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro, director of the National Center for Research in Human Evolution (CENIEH), "is of great scientific interest to find the Acheulian in India, which was supposed to follow the migration route of humans to Indonesia." Bermudez de Castro mentioned the possibility that this technology was invented in parallel in several areas of the world, as happened during the Neolithic. Robin Donnell
Archaeologist, University of Sheffield, believes the Indian finding "implies that this technology spread to South Asia hundreds of thousands of years before by Levant and Europe, where older Acheulean industry has 500,000 years.
According to Professor Donnell, axes were made by Homo erectus. "This means that the bifaces were extended in two phases and two species by H. erectus in Southeast Asia, soon to appear in Africa, and later with H. heildebergensis of Europe." In defintiva, says that human migration ever took us by to the east than west.

hand axes a million years ago in India

a reservoir in South India that has been explored intermittently since 1863, have now been found stone tools of the Acheulean technological style ago at least a million years. Are 70 hand axes and other 3,500 quartzite artifacts such Acheulean that originated in Africa about a million and a half years and spread throughout Eurasia. The discovery, presented in the journal Science helps us to understand migration patterns of ancient humans from southern Asia and Indonesia. Attirampakkam The site is called, is in Tamil Nadu and was discovered by British geologist Bruce Foote.

India humans lived more than 1 million years

dating of artifacts found recently in southern India indicates that early humans lived in the region more than a million years and who used different stone cutting tools Acheulean, according to a study by the Center on Education and Heritage Sharma in Chennai (India) which is published in the journal Science.
The Acheulean A Toolkit originated in Africa about 1.5 million years and is believed to spread throughout Eurasia. However, the exact timing of this expansion has been a mystery for researchers. Knowing the age of hand-axes shaped oval and pear, knives and other artifacts help archaeologists to understand early human migrations to South Asia and the Indonesian archipelago.
The artifacts were discovered in one of the most Paleolithic sites rich in Tamil Nadu (India) called Attirampakkam (pictured). Immersed in Kortallayar River Basin, the site was discovered in 1863 by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote and since then there have been excavations.
The researchers, led by Shanti Pappu, determined ages of these tools, suggesting that humans were present in South Asia for about a million years or earlier, and while there were other people Southwest Asia and Africa.
The team found more than 3,500 stone artifacts of silicon, including more than 70 Acheulean hand axes, knives and rocks. Using paleomagnetic measurements, researchers were able to date the sediments covering the Acheulean tools.
All paleomagnetic measurements in the vicinity of the site showed a reversed polarity, which means that the sediment above the period after the last reversal of Earth's magnetic field. To obtain a more precise age of the artifacts and better constrain the magnetic data, the researchers used a dating technique based on the degradation of aluminum and beryllium isotopes after the grains were buried in sediments (isotopes are produced by exposure to cosmic rays, which ceases after the burial).
Discoveries imply that the first humans migrated with distinctive tools throughout Eurasia a million years ago.
World / Europe press

Polaris Atv Starter Problems

Resolve the controversy over the origin of the Voynich manuscript

This manuscript is a book written in a foreign language is not a series of random signs
Controversies surrounding the manuscript 'Voynich', which is under the aegis of the University of Yale, have been unveiled, thanks to a book dating using carbon-14 method. Specialists
Institution noted that the method implemented allowed to establish the date of preparation of the manuscript, which was written in the fifteenth century.
also concluded that neither the scientific, English theologian and philosopher Roger Bacon, or the specialist in ancient books Wilfrid M. 'Voynich' are the authors of this work. The latter character acquired the manuscript in 1912, and for several years there was speculation that he was the author.
For dating, the study's author, Greg Hodgins, took four short strips of the outside of pages that were not part of pop.
After cleaning and ash impurities to be alone with carbon, the experiment yielded the results previously announced.
reported may never know the theme of the book, since it is likely that the "key" to decrypt it was lost a long time.
dating in archeology is the location of remnants or of cultures in a given period, and was made possible because of the book leaves are vellum but vellum, a type of parchment made with leather.
This manuscript is a book written in a foreign language is not a series of random signs, because it meets certain basic rules common to all real language, for example, that the length of the words used is shorter than the other, which is known as Zipf's law.
This strange book is full of illustrations that represent recognizable plants, or women taking baths.
And some experts believe that whoever the real author could have chosen to encrypt the text to protect their content, probably related to astrology or alchemy.
Throughout its existence the manuscript has been the subject of intense study by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including leading American and British experts deciphered the Second World War (1939-45).
However, none managed to decipher a single word.
The Informant

Pinched Nerve Achilles

The Government is launching the first performance of the Via Augusta in Valencia

The Regional Secretary for Infrastructure and Transport, Victoriano Sánchez-Barcáiztegui, has announced that the Government will launch the first performance of the Via Augusta in the Region with the rehabilitation and adaptation of the Mas de l'Arc to make information center of the road. Sánchez-Barcáiztegui
attended this afternoon in Vall d'Alba to the filing of the first actions of the master plan for recovery of the Via Augusta in the Region.
The Regional Secretary for Infrastructure and Transport has stressed that this project will be much more than the recovery of a Roman road, "aims to be the point starting with which to enjoy each and every one of the environmental treasures, archaeological, historical, cultural and gastronomic at our disposal in the Region.
rehabilitation and adaptation of the Mas de l'Arc is part of the Recovery Plan of the Via Augusta in Valencia that will develop the Government. "In total, the Department of Infrastructure and Transportation recovered 450 kilometers between the three provinces, from north to Traiguera Pilar de la Horadada in the south," he explained.
Barcáiztegui Sanchez noted that the center "will become a meeting point for all walkers and reference to the sustainable a powerful historical heritage such as the Roman road from Rome to Cadiz via our territory. "The center's goal will be to make information available to visitors on the Via Augusta and its environment. In addition, this site will be equipped with toilets, projection room and reading area.
also stressed the importance of the network that will mansions Via Augusta. "will be like Roman-style villas that used to house people who make this journey on foot, bicycle or horse, "he said. The first of these homes will stand the Vall d'Alba.
" Lost Via Augusta supposed to value and emphasize our location our geo-strategic potential in the context of Europe. Via Augusta has joined us from 2,000 years ago with the rest of Europe. Today, the Mediterranean corridor, true to their origin, should be established as a priority and therefore distinct from the Government claim it, "concluded Sánchez-Barcáiztegui.
A path to history
The layout of the road This route will enjoy discovering the path that our ancestors walked with the help of explanatory panels to be installed along the path. The project responds to the commitment made by the Consell in January 2009 together with the Council of Europe, Unesco, European Commission the city of Rome and the regions of Lazio and Umbria, in order to recover this way.
Another attraction of this route will be the approach to the important Roman ruins. In addition to the road, the Via Augusta us about the early milestones, bridges, villages, arches and Roman sites. But the most important road passing through the Region of the Roman arch Cabanes. This is a private honorary monument built probably early second century.
This is one of the main roads built by the Romans in Spain. It gets its name, surely due to repairs and corrections made by the Emperor Augustus the first and perhaps most important Roman emperor (27 BC-14 AD). With an approximate length of 1,500 kilometers across the peninsula from the Pyrenees to Cadiz, bordering the Mediterranean.
In the province of Castellón Augusta Way passes by the terms of Traiguera, La Jana, San Mateo, La Salzadella, Vinromà Coves, La Pobla de Tornesa, Borriol, Vila Real, Borriana and Xilxes. Valencia runs Sagunto, Valencia, Albalat de la Ribera, Xàtiva and Moixent. With regard to the province of Alicante, through the towns of Villena, Sax, Elda, Monóvar, Aspe, El Rebolledo, Torrellano, Elx, Rojales and Benijofar.

The Periodic

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history in stone. Sets new monograph on the Riu de les Coves (Castellón) Found


Cave paintings in shelters in the province of Castellón. :: LP
rock's rich heritage with counts of Castellón province is now a little more accessible thanks to the latest publication of the Monograph of the Institute of Rock Art edited by the Generalitat Valenciana, in collaboration with the Institut Valencià de Bens Conservació i Restauració Culturals (IVACOR). The number 3 is devoted to 'Rock Art in the Riu de les Coves (Castelló)' and its authors are Peter M. Guillem Calatayud, Rafael Martínez Valle and Valentín Villaverde Bonilla. In addition, Martinez and Guillen are responsible for the direction of the series.
The publication has a luxury binding with 250 pages, excellent color images and presentation by the Councillor of Culture, Trinidad Miró, and the director of IVACOR, Carmen Perez. The preface is signed by the scholar Mauro S. Hernández Pérez (Universidad de Alicante).
The authors develop a comprehensive joint analysis of the rock art of the basin or Ríu de les Coves de Sant Miquel, located north of the province. They also analyze the geographic, landscape evolution and prehistoric settlement with the artistic sequence regional. "We wanted to reveal a rich cultural heritage and landscape in a document that we consider the first order," the authors explained exclusively to this newspaper.
"The Valltorta is a classic but in this province there are more. In fact, it is the most important enclave of Valencia rock art along the famous sets of Ares and Gasulla. This book covers all the surveys we have carried out from 1996 to 2006 ', they said. New periodization

Among the most important conclusions that these researchers are extracted periodization and recorded the discovery of goats and bulls. "We dated many sets in the first half of the Holocene, which means they predate the Levantine art "exposed.
Meanwhile, Carmen Perez said the IVACOR is carrying out research work on important rock art. "We are working with new techniques, for example, thermal imaging cameras or 3-D. At present the institute is IVACOR is generating the most innovative techniques in this area thanks to Castellón has a legacy lest we forget is a World Heritage Site, "he added. In this regard, Perez recalled that the rock art can not speak both restoration and conservation. "We are concerned eg ultraviolet radiation, "he noted.
Although the authors have thoroughly studied these sets do not recommend a visit to the public. "We believe that the offer they have enough visitors, and also many of the coats are difficult to access" had.
Las Provincias

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historical pieces in the excavations of the Avenida Colombia

With the discovery of traces of the original Ortiz Bridge and more than 2,000 items used by the inhabitants who lived in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries, archaeologists investigate fascinating details of the everyday the old Cali.
Archaeological discoveries, among which human bones are removed excavations in the work of the Colombia Avenue in Cali right bank, where lived the great magnates of the city.
all part of the project on Prevention, Monitoring and Rehabilitation of the famous work to renew the center of the Branch and is being implemented by the Institute INCIVA in Cali. On the bridge
Ortiz
In most exciting findings are the original Ortiz Bridge, which was given to the city of Fray Ignacio Ortiz in 1845 and has been operated on three occasions, most recently in the year 1945 for an extension.
This bridge, next to the church of San Francisco, are the only two references brick building with half-point by the technique of the mortar, which was a mixture of sand, lime and water resistant and durable for more such buildings. According to Natalia
Robayo, project field archaeologist, citizenship is still uninformed about the importance of the discovery and said that what was found was the extension of the original bridge that reached what is now known as the Teatro Jorge Isaac and around .
" What we have is an ancient structure that was lined with concrete and metal, and is now known as Puente Ortiz. We are in the process of discovering what it is, to know if you can museumization " said .
Another advance is the discovery of over a thousand pieces of porcelain china, Czechoslovakian and French have been found in archaeological excavations six sites extending from Twelfth Street to Sixth Avenue.
For Maria Acosta, an anthropologist associated with the project, this attests to the everyday life of the elite of Cali and the desire I had to get Chinese and European dishes at that time had to be custom ordered and take up to 6 months to reach .

bottles and human bones on
The excavations have found glass bottles European Whisky as a 'Walker Kilmarrock' which was, in 1857, Scottish house gave rise to the now known as 'Johnny Walker'.
of land also came out a bottle of mineral water 'Posada Tobon' group that gave birth to a brand of soft drink in Colombia. In addition, they have found remains of bottles of beer 'Los Andes', which was produced in Cali under the franchise of a German beer.
Perhaps the most shocking finding, are the 400 bones of animals that show the process of commercialization of cattle slaughtered. The anthropological evidence dating from 1600, on the left bank of Cali, where there were large butchers.
"This is gratifying because we are discovering the old Cali, the of 1536 in the English period and republican do not know that story. In this case the garbage from these centuries Cali give us indications of how they lived, what they ate and how they amused themselves, "said Sonia White, coordinator of the project.
For now they are breaking out of spoons, handles, coins and metals. The research process will take about six months, during which time the Cali know the historical memory of the city.

The Country

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One hundred tombs and Roman baths even

Tombs in Swabian which still skeletons remain under the nave of the Cathedral of Santiago.
suévicas Tombs: Álvarez Xoán
The ancient necropolis in the basement of the Cathedral preserves many coffins with human remains: JR Lavandeira
The Museum of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, through its Department of Education, will launch from April 4 a program of visits to archaeological excavations in the basement of the basilica, which will allow attendees to involve "a journey into the past" of the building . So
Thursday has explained the manager of the area of \u200b\u200bEducation, Jose Francisco Blanco Fandino, who has accompanied the media on a first visit of this program, that will take interested to discover the archaeological area beneath the south transept the Cathedral - the oldest and which was found the tomb of Bishop Teodomiro - and the area under the nave - a necropolis from the V and VII -.
Those interested in this heritage may accede to it - after registration - in very small guided groups of between 6 and 12 people with the intention to give an explanation on the small inner space excavation and "preserve the heritage" present there.
As explained by the Dean of the Cathedral, José María Díaz, this whole "priceless" excavations uncovered remains ranging from Roman times to the seventh century, with burial of various kinds, stone relics from many different backgrounds, remains the original wall and parts of the basilicas of Alfonso II and Alfonso III, brought to light in excavations carried out by Manuel Chamoso Lamas in the middle years of the twentieth century.
GROUP LIMITED
Those interested in participating in this initiative, which provides sustained over time, must register from this Friday the 55 981 29 85 or email excavaciones@catedraldesantiago.es. Limited groups of up to 12 people, will have a guide in Castilian, Galician and English.
Given the configuration of the visit, scheduled at 16.00 hours Monday to Friday, the minimum age to join is 14 years. Its duration is estimated at about 45 minutes and cost is 10 euros.
With the openness of the excavations, the Museum of the Cathedral, which in 2011 celebrated the eighth anniversary of the consecration of the basilica, gives "a step forward in their education and outreach work, as this new activity addition to the tours at the same covers the museum and the Cathedral already held.
The museum also plans to open in late July this year to remodel its floor and mezzanine, which have been renovated "totally" and educational area slated to be ready in 2012 a classroom teaching on the basilica itself.
Europa Press

Thursday, March 24, 2011

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The interpretive center Phoenician archaeological park beach will cost 1.7 million

The City of Vélez-Málaga (Málaga) and have the project to build the interpretive center Phoenician archaeological park beach, which at a cost of 1, 7 million euros, is part of a complex historical, tourist and environment to be installed at the mouth of the River Vélez, an area that houses some of the most important Phoenician ruins located in the western Mediterranean. The Town Planning
, Salvador Marín (IU), and the Councillor of Culture, Sara Sánchez (PSOE), presented the draft interpretation center will be the first step in a complex that will occupy about four million square meters that, among other things, have an archaeological site and a riverside park. Marin
detailed building, whose construction will last for 24 months and will cost 1.7 million euros, will be built in a plot of 1,700 square meters in the core Almayate population, and will be linked with the archaeological remains through a "green way."
As noted by the drafters of the project architects, the building will have, among other agencies, four rooms devoted to exhibits and audiovisual presentations, and consist of five modules arranged in different heights, so the visitor will be created in "the feeling that the building emerges from an archaeological dig. " Marin
stressed the importance of a project that "will be a before and after the development of tourism in Vélez-Málaga, and also in respecting the environment ", something for which it has been advised of environmental groups working in the municipality.
On the other hand, Sanchez has been" very pleased "by the beginning of this project," the that there was talk in the late 90's, which was very insulted and mistreated, which is now running again and that will lead to archaeological and environmental park on the world's largest Phoenician to be taken into the Mediterranean. "According
the Councillor, the project will make possible to "see and interpret the life of the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean through the archaeological posts in value," for which he has stressed the importance interpretation center, "which is critical because the door is open to the public to approach and knowledge of the Phoenician world."
Phoenician Archaeological Park Beach will be installed near the mouth of the river Vélez, in an area where they found remains of the Phoenician towns of Tuscany, Alarcón and Cerro del Mar, and a necropolis as the Garden and Ocean Hill itself .
The set of fields, in which traces have been found dating from the ninth and fourth centuries BC, is, according to experts, one piece "fundamental" to know the history of the Phoenician colonization in the far western Mediterranean.

A new center will meet the Phoenician colonization in the Mediterranean

The interpretation of the future center of archaeological and environmental park of Playa Phoenicia, to be located in the town of Velez-Malaga Malaga, will reveal the Phoenician colonization in the far western Mediterranean.
The City of Vélez-Málaga has submitted the proposed implementation of the interpretive center, with an investment of 1.7 billion euros, to be funded through the Sustainable Tourism Initiative (STI) of the Costa del Sol- Axarquia and the Fund for Tourism Infrastructure Modernization (fomites). Phoenicia
beach installed in the mouth of the River Vélez, a set characterized by the Phoenician town of Tuscany, Alarcón and Cerro del Mar, along with the Garden and the necropolis of Cerro del Mar. own
These deposits, in which remains have been found dating from the ninth and fourth centuries BC, are a fundamental part to meet the Phoenician colonization in the far western Mediterranean.
Councillor for Culture, Sara Sánchez (PSOE), explained today at a press conference that the project was born in the 90's through the work of archaeologist municipal, and in 2001 drafted the master plan of the archaeological park, "he finally sees the light."
The interpretive center will be located on a plot of 1,747 meters square located in the eastern part of Almayate population center and is connected with the archaeological remains through a greenway.

Europa Press / Ideal

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Traces of older Americans

Some of the stone tools 15,000 years ago discovered in Texas, which are evidence of the oldest known culture of America Debra L. Friedkin site where archaeologists have found the oldest tools of America until now. :: MICHAEL R. WATERS
Who were the first inhabitants of America? For decades, in view of the archaeological remains have been found, experts should be considered that the Clovis hunters some 13,000 years ago. Come to this continent from the northeast Asia to Alaska, crossing the strip of land in what is now the Bering Strait, and southward spread of the new territory. Devices made with particular characteristics that identify them. But now they've discovered in Texas (USA) thousands of pieces, including tools to cut and scratch, in a group of people before the Clovis people. These pieces are about 15,000 years and shows that someone had come before to America. The discovery is announced in the journal Science. Artifacts reservoir
Texan named Debra L Friedkin, are made of flint and are small, suggesting to researchers that would be prepared to take with lightweight tools from one place to another comfortably, a kind of campaign team. The site is near a stream that has water all year round and a place where there are plenty of flint, and it would be a good place chosen by a group of prehistoric peoples to manufacture the tools need it.
The vast majority of the 15,528 pieces of stone flakes are recovered and studied, which is to make hitting the stone tools in the points needed to tease out a cutting edge. But there are a dozen bifaces and some cutters, a total of fifty finished artifacts. Serve to work on bone, wood or ivory and skins for cutting or processing.
"In Debra L Friedkin found evidence of early human occupation 2,500 years before the Clovis people, making the site in the oldest archaeological site credible Texas and North America, and is important in the debate about time of colonization of America and the origins of Clovis, "said Michael R. Water (University of Texas A & M), team leader of the discoverer, who has worked in this field since 2006.
The new pieces, dated between 13,200 and 15,500 years have appeared in the reservoir level below the known remains of Clovis, and specialists, studying each other, claim that the latter developed the techniques of the first characteristics giving them their tools and weapons. This cultural evolution solve One of the problems of the thesis has been defending the American pioneers clovis, and who have not found those specific technological characteristics in Northeast Asia, making it difficult to associate human culture to travel through this territory. In the light of new findings, these tools would be an evolution Clovis those which were manufactured in America. Researchers remind
in Science that it had found some traces preclovis in several places, but they were too scarce to draw conclusions.

The first Americans, 2,000 years older than previously thought

The discovery in Texas of an archaeological site containing thousands of relics dating back 15,500 years ago more than 2,000 years to the date which were believed to have the first tenants arrived to America, questioning the current theory on the colonization of the continent.
This study traces back to the first Americans to the tribes of the Clovis culture, whose remains were found in various places since 1932. According to this controversial hypothesis, carriers of this culture is characterized by a particular technique of importance of the tips of flint bifaces have come from Asia around 13,500 years ago by the Bering Strait during the Ice Age.
They would then spread over the continent to reach South America. The new archaeological Texas' Debra L. Friedkin 'and located about 70 kilometers northwest of Austin, documented with a record number of traces of human existence in the Americas before the Clovis tribes.
"Replace therefore question the current theory of the early American settlements," said Michael Waters, director of the University of Texas and lead author of this work.
According to Walters, this new discovery is a huge leap towards a new understanding of the first inhabitants of America.
El Pais / El Mundo

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discovered the first complete skull of a mastodon in Chile

On 15 February, the workers responsible for building the new plant Andean waters in the town of Padre Hurtado (Santiago) encountered during the excavations with a bone, which fortunately was not human. It was too big for that. Clearing a bit more, they realized that it was a cutting diameter of 16 cm belonging to some sort of mastodon, but not only that, but the piece was attached to the corresponding complete skull of the animal.
The fossil provides the skull with two tusks and four molars. Each defense (or incisor) has a total length of 1.2 meters, each wheel is about 23 inches and was found about six feet deep. It is not yet possible to determine the kind of
gonfotéridos to which he belonged, and is estimated to have inhabited the Earth by a wide margin ranging from 10 thousand years ago and up to two million 700 thousand years.
"is the first complete, articulated skull is in Chile. At this time there was no skull recovered in such good condition, only fragments were found," he told La Tercera Rafael Labarca, archaeologist and expert section Ecology and Environment of the PDI, by extraction of the fossil.
Once completed the field phase will analyze the structure to more accurately determine which animal belongs to and how long lived on Earth. And finally pass to the Natural History Museum. BN

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Begins excavations of a century AD synagogue in Magdala

century AD Synagogue in Magdala
The discovery of a synagogue in the first century AD in Magdala, the birthplace of of the most controversial female figures and close to Jesus, Mary Magdalene, is the first opportunity for Mexican archaeologists carried out a project of biblical archeology in Israel.
Considered the seventh-century and the first, so far, from the time Jesus lived around the Sea of \u200b\u200bGalilee, this synagogue was discovered in 2009 during excavation work in an area of \u200b\u200b8. 5 acres owned by the Legionaries of Christ, where he planned the construction of the Magdala Center, a venue to house the pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land.
Directed by Marcela Zapata, an archaeologist and academic from the Universidad Anahuac del Sur, and in agreement with the Institute of Anthropological Research (IIA) of the UNAM and the authorities of Israel, archaeological work in the area also called Lake Galilee began in June 2010.
It is "the last chance to understand the life of a people's century," said Marcela Zapata in an interview, because the peoples that existed on the shores of the lake, the main reservoir of fresh water in Israel, have been excavated or urbanized.
The excavation project, covering a total of three acres, was designed by Dr. Linda Manzanilla, an archaeologist at the Institute of Anthropological Research of UNAM, and continued, in a first stage, the archaeological prospecting method is to apply geophysical techniques to the study of the surface.
Luis Barba, coordinator of the Laboratory of Archaeological Survey of the Graduate Institute, explains that before the excavations were carried out a topographical survey, a a magnetic and electric surface, which helped locate the main structures. With this procedure it was possible to appreciate the shape and size of small rooms with floor to be clustered in groups around a large open courtyard.
In less than a year of starting the excavation work, involving volunteers from around the world have found pottery, glass, metal, stone, bone dice, some bronze bells and around 200 coins , which allows housing complex dating to the first century AD
These objects, Zapata said, will help to understand the context of the early Christian communities concentrated in that area, help to understand the transition between what was Judaism and Christianity, the coexistence of these two religions, as well as customs of the time.
With the unexpected discovery of this synagogue, considered a gift of God by the Legion-the Magdala Center project now seeks, in addition to building the house for pilgrims, the openness of the ruins of the ancient city of Magdala -including the synagogue, an international center for women, which will be investigated through the figure of Mary Magdalene, the role that women play in family and society, as well as the construction of a Pilgrims multimedia to present Jesus' public life "because, according to the gospels, most of Christ's life was spent in Galilee.
Marcela Zapata said that so far no archaeological evidence that Jesus visited the area of \u200b\u200bMagdala or specifically the synagogue: "On this aspect we have not discovered anything, we have the source of the gospels say that Jesus visited and walked through all the towns around the Sea of \u200b\u200bGalilee. Not specify the town of Magdala, but historically considered the most important people then. "
Zapata says that, besides the Gospels, there are other Jewish historical sources cited that the most important people of the time: "Jesus as a Jew should have walked through this area, but archaeologists do not have anything to give us a clue to say that here was."
regard archaeologist Luis Barba says that until now scientists have only solid data show that there was a group of people living in that space and time, but that "that identify a particular person is not possible."
"There is a limit to the interpretation of data and tells us that limit, so far, the people did exist, that it is the first century, the type of ceramic, glass and coins recovered from the excavation show Jews who did live there ".
Asked religious discourse that surrounds this project, Beard explained that although it is the collaboration of two institutions with different visions, one secular and one religious, the results will be objective and scientific rigor.
"Our work is rigorous, scientific and archaeological, we will not say anything more than the available archaeological data and I guess we can not avoid that on occasion some of the interpretations is considered to be Evidence of such a thing in relation to the biblical texts.
But not refer to biblical texts is inevitable because it is Marcela Zapata of a project that is located in the historical and religious context.
And one of the great challenges of the archaeologists involved in the excavations at the sites were developed under which the biblical stories with scientific rigor to demonstrate the results of their research and theories to overcome the adventurers and amateur groups archaeological fundamentalists organize campaigns with the intention of seeking evidence to enable them to demonstrate that the Bible is right and that their stories must be understood as historical.

Nomiresatras

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Atlantic Plan restored Romanesque church of Santa Maria Magdalena in Cozcurrita, Zamora

Church of Santa María Magdalena of Cozcurrita. :: FSMLR
The initiative will restore and maintain 33 churches from the Romanesque period of Salamanca, Zamora and the Portuguese border Braganza, Porto and Vila Real, with an investment of 4.5 billion euros.

Intervention Plan Romanesque Atlantic, signed in September 2010 by the Junta de Castilla y León, Iberdrola Foundation and the Ministry of Culture of Portugal, with the participation of the Fundación Santa María la Real as executor, recovery has completed the first of the 33 temples that will benefit from this program, the Church of Santa Maria Magdalena, in the Cozcurrita town of Zamora.
Intervention in the temple has improved the safety of your electrical system and monitor the church, so that, by installing sensors, environmental control parameters and security and data are sent periodically to a central control. This is possible thanks to the Heritage Monitoring System (MHS), which allows preventive conservation of temples and introduces pioneering applications to ensure their safety. Intervention Plan Romanesque The Atlantic is already working on the recovery of the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption in the town of Salamanca in San Felices de los Gallegos and being drafted intervention projects in two temples in the province of Zamora: San Pedro de la Nave and the Monastery of Santa Maria. The agreement for the implementation of the Plan of Action by the Romanesque Atlantic was signed in 2010 by the Junta de Castilla y León, Iberdrola Foundation and the Ministry of Culture of Portugal. This joint intervention initiative retrieves the cultural heritage, natural and social de Castilla y León, performs a work of socio-economic dynamism and power cross-border ties between Spain and Portugal.
The investment will amount to 4.5 billion euros, so that each party assumes a third of the total. This contribution will be used to carry out a comprehensive restoration of 12 buildings and develop a maintenance program, lighting and control of the 21 remaining temples.
Of the 33 churches that will benefit from the project, nine are located in the Zamora province, seven in the Portuguese district of Vila Real, Porto six for six in the province of Salamanca and five in the district of Bragança. In the design and technical implementation of the work will involve the Fundación Santa María La Real, institution in the field of restoration of Romanesque art. CNP

Wednesday, March 23, 2011

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The piece auctioned in Paris at 46 million pesos is false (INAH) Restoration Part

Features not agree with any specific cultural style: EFE
The sculpture of a Mayan deity who reached the world record for a pre-Columbian piece yesterday in the French capital, being acquired by a European buyer for two million 912 thousand euros (46 million pesos) is false, according to the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (SRE).
According to a press release from the INAH, the piece was supposed to be part of a pre-Hispanic collection of more than 200 objects owned by the Swiss industrialist Henry Law, who, according to information disclosed by Drout auction house, treasured for 25 years stone figures and Mezcala Chontal cultures, Guerrero, recent manufacturing is therefore not belong to any of the Hispanic cultures of Mexico.
This was determined by INAH experts, from the opinion on archeology that was performed prior to 203 images in the batch of 207 items on display in the auction catalog, and which established that 140 are of pre-Hispanic and 67 are newly developed, such as the sculpture of a goddess Maya Classic period, between 550 and 950 AD-
According to the opinion, prepared by archaeologists Alejandro Valdespino Castillo and Alejandro Bautista, the piece, which represents an individual with an ax and a shield, "was developed through modeling techniques and application to the frosting, which is not culturally specific style according to the sculptural corpus, so So this is a freestyle not recreate any formal property and / or style of Mesoamerican cultures of Mexico.
The figurine features characteristic of attempts to recreate pre-Columbian representations made in the Maya region of southern Mexico, however, both the height (165.5 cm) as the position with legs bent, and the straps holding the shoes are not characteristic of this culture. Likewise, the apparent erosion seen was made to give an appearance of decay and age to the figure. As the experts concluded that it is a recent piece craft.
According to the statement immediately notified the INAH on the publication of the auction of antiquities from Mexico through the house-Giquello Binoche, the Institute filed the complaint made to the Specialized Unit on Investigation of Crimes against the Environment and under Special Laws of the Attorney General's Office (PGR). Later, the opinion referred to the Legal Counsel of the SRE, for relevant procedures.

The substador piece defends the authenticity of Maya and questions the opinion of the INAH

Mayan style statue auctioned for a record four million dollars is a modern forgery, the government said, although the auction house defended its authenticity.
There is much at stake in the dispute, not just cash that deliver the buyer, whose name has not been released.
The gallery and auction house Binoche et Giquello, based in Paris, which sold the clay figure of a warrior holding a shield, said that the attack on its authenticity is an attempt by Mexican authorities for ruining confidence auction market in pre-Columbian artifacts, which, they say, could force the trade of such moving parts on the black market.
"In my opinion, they want to ruin the pre-Hispanic art market. Not a good idea," said Alexandre Giquello auctioneer. "There will be no control if the public auction market is ruined by this ... on the black market there is no control." Giquello
said there is written on the piece since 1976, has been examined by experts, has been shown, has spoken about it in professional forums and publications, and the auction house supports its authenticity.
"is one of the best known pieces" of Maya art, Giquello said about the statue of clay 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) high that the auction catalog describes as "a divinity seated figure" drawn between 550 and 950 AD The painted figure has bulging eyes, paint still shines and a hatchet in one hand and what appeared to be fangs that come out of the mouth.
Mexican experts described the piece differently.
"is of recent manufacture, so it does not belong to any of the Hispanic cultures of Mexico," said the National Institute of Anthropology and History in a statement.
institute Archaeologists described the aggressive-looking warrior as a kind of hodgepodge freestyle elements that never existed in one culture, such as sandals with straps of a type used by the Maya. Experts also noted that the position of the statue with your knees bent style does not fit the Maya, although the auction house said the figure had been sitting on a throne that has disappeared. Giquello
criticized the institute for judging the authenticity of the statue based only on photographs, which the Mexican government had acknowledged, though experts say the practice is questionable.
A Mexican law of 1972 sets limits on private collections, but it allows collectors to keep their parts as long as the register with the government. Any another old piece excavated after that date is considered national property, and all exports of pre-Columbian artifacts from Mexico are prohibited.
Dr. Richard Leventhal, a professor of anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania and director of Penn Cultural Heritage Center, says he does not sympathize the mystery shopper.
Leventhal emphasized that such purchases, even if made public auction market, give legitimacy to the black market by showing the tomb robbers and dealers who can make money to trade appliances. When taken by looters rather than by archaeologists, such articles lose Most of the valuable information obtained from the context in which they were found.

The auction took place amid tensions in Franco-Mexican diplomatic

Mexico's accusations that the sculpture of a Mayan god, auctioned in Paris for a record is false, are "ridiculous," said expert Jacques Blazy and Jean Claude Binoche, responsible for selling the house Druot.
The beautiful polychrome sculpture of a Mayan god of the late classical period (550-950 AD) was bought by a European collector who paid $ 4.2 million a record for a Maya work in the Paris auction house Druot, after which Mexico challenged the authenticity of the piece.
Jean Claude Binoche, signature and Qiquello Binoche, who organized the auction in Druot, told AFP that the statement released by the Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) stating that topped Mayan sculpture in Paris is false "has no base "and is" ridiculous. "
"Allegations of Mexico to the Great Divine Maya, is of recent manufacture, are completely ridiculous," said Blazy, one of the few pre-Hispanic art experts worldwide, who worked with Binoche to organize the auction.
Following these statements, INAH spokesman, Julio Castrejon, defended statements in Mexico the conclusion of the institute, and, accompanied by one of the archaeologists who made the analysis, said: "What we have is archaeological evidence, scientific and academic. We do not rely on any other element, or political, or ideological."
INAH and the Mexican Foreign Ministry released a statement declaring that the piece "that is attributed to the Mayan culture and reached the highest price in the bid" in Paris "is of recent manufacture so you do not belong to any of the cultures pre-Hispanic Mexico. "
The sculpture of the Mayan god "is a well known piece, which has been exhibited and has been fully analyzed," said Blazy.
"This sculpture was the centerpiece of the major exhibition at the museum Maya Rath in Geneva, in 1998, held under the patronage of Mexico," he said in remarks Binoche.
"Each pigment of this sculpture has been analyzed," said Binoche, adding that the piece had been exhibited at the Venice Biennale in 1986 and was the coverage of the art magazine L'Oeil in 1993. "
" No wonder that Mexico says it is false. It's his way of reacting, wants to create the doubt, since it recognizes that it is true, consider it part of their national heritage, "said Blazy.
" Furthermore, the sow doubt, seek to impair the pre-Columbian art market " he noted.
Maya sculpture was the centerpiece of a Columbian art collection amassed over 30 years by a Swiss industrialist, Henry Law, mysterious figures including mezcal, the Mexican state of Guerrero, including hieratic sculptures similar to the Greek islands Cyclades, which passionately devoted to the Surrealists.
The auction totaled 7,452,914 euros ($ 10.6 million), revealing the good health of pre-Columbian art market, AFP found in Druot showroom, where collectors bid up from modest to representatives of European institutions.
scattered collection was one of the most important pre-Columbian art that existed in the world, according Blazy, who said that Law has decided to part from his collection after suffering a burglary at his home in Geneva.
The auction took place in the midst of Franco-Mexican diplomatic tensions, after President Nicolas Sarkozy decided to devote the year of Mexico in France to Florence Cassez, France condemned by the Mexican justice to 60 years in prison for complicity in kidnappings, This led to the cancellation of this ambitious program. Druot
The sale went smoothly. Not so in September and December 2008, when two Mexican antiquities auctions had to be suspended after the works were confiscated at the request of Mexico before its auction in Paris.
The officers of the Central Office for Combating Trafficking of Cultural Goods (OCBC) confiscated the pieces based on an international letter rogatory from Mexico and detained pending the outcome of an investigation into its origin.
The investigation lasted 19 months, after which the police returned the pieces to their owners.
El Universal / The Reporter

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Zapotec Mexican Archaeology magazine

At number 108, volume XVII of Mexican Archaeology Magazine, archaeologist Laura Fillion Nadal and restorer Tadeo Silva Velandia described in his article "The restoration of the pectoral or bat mask from the National Museum of Anthropology, conservation of this outstanding piece of Mexico assets. The pectoral or mask was found in 1949 in the grave goods of an individual at Monte Alban (100 BC - 200 AD) which saw the archaeologist R. Acosta in the Annals of the Museum.
When performing the remodeling of the rooms of the National Anthropology Museum conservators realized the mask showed mismatches in the placement of its constituent parts and destabilization of the material that binds as well as the 25 pieces that form.
Restorers proceeded to develop a resin according to international standards that would be harmless to the piece in its role of uniting the parties, since the material was developed at the time he was destabilized (altered by the passage of time ) and the pieces do not fit perfectly, at the same time, this destabilization could damage parts of finely polished jade.
Roberto García Moll archaeologist and historian Marcela Salas Cuesta published the article "Historical Archaeology, history and physical anthropology", which presented a summary of the history of the construction of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Mexico City also known as the Old Cathedral of Mexico, which provide data as the source of its construction, its historical significance, and the excavations that have taken place there.
The Metropolitan Cathedral in Mexico City was built in the XVI century from English architects drawings of a columned building type, derived from the Cathedral of Granada, with a square, two side chapels and towers. Construction began just months after the fall of the Great Tenochtitlan (1521), and by 1525 was open for worship, some historians say that the Cathedral was completed in 1532.
archaeologist Antonio Garcia Cubas was out in 1881 the first excavations in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Cathedral of Mexico, in order to determine the exact spot where stood the first building in the complex construction.
The prominent anthropologist, archaeologist and historian Eduardo Matos Moctezuma published the dossier "to preserve and restore", which recalls that in 1964 was located in what is now Porrua Bookstore, corner of Argentina, Justo Sierra in the Historic Center Mexico City, a shrine with mural paintings which featured stylized figures representing the god Tlaloc. Matos Moctezuma himself was appointed to the forefront of conservation work on the painting. Matos Moctezuma
reports that found on the west side of the mural plaster patches covering damaged parts and loss of the original paint from pre-Hispanic times, so began the rescue work of the mural. In the dossier, the archaeologist also tells how later, when excavations were conducted Temple located in the northern area, a clay figure representing Mictlantecuhtli, which showed a broken left arm, so they developed a new arm hand to replace the damaged parts. After citing the above examples, the anthropologist reflects how in recent years, restoration has become an importance that had not seen before, because every time there is a greater awareness of the need to preserve the heritage of ancient cultures. In that sense, it highlights once again gives scholars turn to the various disciplines that can contribute to the restoration.
restorative Agustín Espinosa wrote the article "A Brief History of the restoration in Mexico," which chronicles the process of shaping the discipline and the historical moment when it emerges in Mexico. Among the international background notes referred to in the last quarter of the nineteenth century did the profession in Europe.
In the last years of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries took place in Mexico the early work of restoration, when Porfirio Diaz Leopoldo Batres appointed inspector and curator of Archaeological Monuments of Mexico. In 1939 he established the National Institute of Anthropology and History, in 1943 the teacher Almela INAH Melia founded in a workshop for the treatment of graphic documents, and in 1961 established the Department of catalog and Restoration for Cultural Heritage. Citizenship
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A fossil found in Argentina is a precursor of the giant dinosaurs, scientists say

So believe it was the dinosaur, based on a reconstruction with the bones found
The remains found in Chubut.
New dinosaur fossil found in Patagonia (South) Argentina is an unknown species that explains the origin of the giant herbivores that inhabited Earth 170 million years ago, said the researcher who participated in the discovery.
"The importance of the finding is that this is a new species. It offers information on the origin of sauropod dinosaurs, long neck and tail, herbivores, and were the largest creatures on the Earth's history," said Diego Pol, a scientist from the Paleontological Museum Egidio Feruglio.
The animal is about 3 feet long and was baptized Leonerasaurus is Taquetrensis a "very primitive species, from 180 million years which helps to understand the evolutionary tree of the giants who came after," said Pol
years Argentina has become a 'Jurassic Park' by the discovery of fossils of dinosaurs, including Argentinosaurus Huinculensis them, 98 million years, the largest herbivore found in the world. Replicas of the Argentinosaurus
(40 meters long) and Giganotosaurus Carolinii (13.5 meters), considered the largest carnivorous dinosaur in the world, bigger even than the Tyranosaurus Rex, part of a traveling exhibition that is currently offered in German cities.
"Del Leonerasaurus found much of the skeleton. Something missing skull and tail. But is the spine, waist, arms and legs, "said Pol, a researcher at the state of scientific research agency Conicet in Trelew. The Leonerasaurus was found in a reservoir of Jurassic age located in the Patagonian mountains Taquetrén, Chubut, who gave his 'name' the fossil.
"It was not known anything like it anywhere in the world," said Pol, who made the discovery along with a geologist and a fellow of CONICET.
In this paradise of paleontologists, was found in 1988 the most complete specimen of South America, named Rebbachisaurus Tessonei, a medium-sized herbivore, about 10,000 kilos and 17 meters long, which used to be a delicacy eaten by the huge Giganotosaurus, the researchers said.
American relatives of these giants are the Brachiosaurus, the Camarasaurus and Diplodocus.
The Leonerasaurus is considered a 'missing link' that links the old and young prosauropods with his older brothers, sauropods.
The discovery was published in the journal Plos One
Los Andes (Argentina)

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long-necked dinosaur served food vacuum extraction

British scientists showed that the long necks served giant dinosaurs modern vacuum in the search and extraction of food from the earth's surface, a mechanism that reduced the spending power of these animals, according to an article in the journal Biology Letters.
With the help of her long neck, dinosaurs save up to 80% of its energy in search of food. After setting at one point his big body, animals with food in your neck looking for the next space without changing place, a function similar to that meet modern vacuum cleaners through long sleeves all the dust collected in a room without constant motion.
The authors of the research, the British Graeme Ruxton, University of Glasgow and David Wilkinson of the University of Liverpool John Moores, "said the length of a neck longer than nine feet, as in Brachiosaurus, led to a decrease in the efficiency of energy absorption food.
An optimum length of neck allowed these giants of the Jurassic period to obtain food from the tops of the trees. The teeth of these dinosaurs were used exclusively for grinding plant food, it was "absorbed" literally on the road digestive, signed by the researchers.
The research concludes that contrary to what is believed to be the giants of Jurassic period used their necks to obtain food from the tops of the trees, but in fact they were looking for food under their feet. Besides lifting the head to the tops of the trees would require of them an increase in energy expenditure by 50%.

RIA Novosti

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New discovery of cave paintings in The Angosturas (Córdoba)

Paintings found in The Narrows. The paintings are done in a rock overhang, with an age of more than 4,000 years.
This time, we talked about the discovery of a new season of prehistoric rock art, some days ago by José Antonio Postigo, a member of Ecologists Action, watching birds with binoculars on the site of The Narrows. The paintings are done in a rock overhang, which makes it a little shelter under the weather direct.
release this to the Municipal Archaeology Service, could then certify the finding and report to the Provincial Office of Culture of the Junta de Andalucía. We must remember here the great importance of this type of artistic expression because, according to art. 40.2 of Law 16/1985 of 25 June on English Historical Heritage "are declared of Cultural Interest by operation of this Law caves, shelters and sites containing rock art manifestations. "
The set consists of a group of motifs painted in red tones that we can include in the schematic rock art known as, examples of which can be dated within a broad chronological brackets located between the Neolithic and Chalcolithic. We are therefore faced with an artistic conducted more than 4,000 years ago and has lasted until today.
The panel paintings is small (about 63 x 70 cm). Recognized at least seven anthropomorphic (human figures), not all of the same type, a ramiforme (as a branch or tree) which is the larger figure, with 20 cm high, and other reasons not fully identified yet.
The emergence of art is a demonstration of maturity in the human evolutionary scale, which requires great emotional capacities and mental abstraction, so we have to wait until the Middle and Upper Paleolithic to attend the first human and artistic such. Prehistoric man or record does not paint to decorate the cliffs, looking for a mere aesthetic contemplation, but in response to abstract approaches linked to their mentality.
Although the town of Priego we Paleolithic rock art (Cave of Cholon), most under known stations, like this new example of The Angosturas, the schematic rock art, caves and Murcielaguina Cholon, Tajo de Zagrilla, Hill of the wolverine and Sierra Alcaide coats.
The themes of these paintings is varied such as, among the figures represented, there are animals, humans, idols and geometric lines which sometimes can recognize specific objects. All performances are carried out with spot colors, use a single color (preferably red or black) and lack of perspective. The schematic is clear, so simple lines are drawn to the figures may be more complicated to make (animals or the human figure).
The full significance of this type of schematic depiction currently escapes us, but we can say that the religious motivation would not be the only one that prompted the artists who made them, and that in many cases, perhaps it is a "writing glyph "which records a series of facts of greater or lesser interest (initiation rites, meetings and group actions, etc.). It has also proved the relationship expressed through this type of schematic rock art between a territory and the ethnic group that inhabits and exploits its resources. In our case, the site of The Angosturas has two caves of archaeological interest, Anguita Huerta and Murcielaguina, abundant water and geological landscape suitable for the practice of agriculture and animal husbandry, economic bases throughout recent prehistory. Priego

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unexpected finding rock art in a cave in East Timor INAH has Mexica

Lene Hara Cave
Petroglyph of Lene Hara Cave. :: John Brush
ancient and enigmatic stone faces carved into the walls of a limestone cave is well known in East Timor have been discovered by a team of scientists looking for fossils of extinct giant rats.
The archaeologists and paleontologists, including Ken Aplin of the CSIRO (Australian scientific organization) worked in Lene Hara Cave, in the northeast of East Timor. The Lene Hara carvings, or petroglyphs, are represented faces from a frontal perspective, and stylized, with eyes, nose and mouth. One has a circular touch that borders the face.
dating using uranium isotopes by specialists at the University of Queensland, Australia, has revealed that the hit is recorded about 10,000 to 12,000 years old, which places him in the late Pleistocene. The other faces have not been dated, but it is likely that are equally old.
Lene Hara Cave has been visited by archaeologists and rock art specialists from the early 1960's, to study its cave paintings, including boats, animals, human figures and various decorative details. The age of the pigments used in rock art from Lene Hara is unknown, but previously Professor Sue O'Connor of the Australian National University found more than 30,000 years old a piece of limestone with traces of red ocher. Although
found antique prints of stylized faces in Melanesia, Australia and various Pacific islands, the petroglyphs are the only Lene Hara dating which places them in the Pleistocene. On the other hand, it is known, there are petroglyphs of faces in any other part of the island of Timor.
& T

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Internet monoliths

A from high-resolution images, the three iconic monoliths Mexican culture, Coyolxauhqui Tlaltecuhtli and Piedra del Sol, as can be appreciated through Internet in an interactive site created by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH).
This allows us to observe in detail the three large sculptures and whose antiquity is about 550 years.
site is called History in stone. Three monoliths Mexica put online yesterday in the email address
www.inah.gob.mx / historiaenpiedra , where for the first time the public can see every detail of the monoliths of the ancient Tenochtitlan, have been discovered so far.
Through high-resolution photographs, video and animation, the user can view information endorsed by INAH specialists who are dedicated to research and restoration of stone monoliths.
This represents the second technological tool, posted by INAH, to disseminate, via the Web, wealth Mexico's cultural world. Recently
Internet climbed the wall interactive Retablo de la Independencia, the Mexican painter Juan O'Gorman, available on the website
www.mnh.inah.gob.mx / Mur.html .
'History in stone ... consists of more than 500 thousand photographs of the three sculptures Tenochca, which were taken with different approaches or 'zoom' to the three sculptures, which can appreciate in detail each item recorded in the sculptures.
In this regard, the Explore module can see features such as color and texture of each monolith, which is possible due to the high resolution and quality photographic approaches, which were arranged one above another, by way of layers to achieve depth display.
also includes the interactive overhead image of each piece, ie, a perspective from the front, which is difficult to take in the Museo del Templo Mayor, enclosure protects Coyolxauhqui sculptures and Tlaltecuhtli, presented to the public so horizontal. La Piedra del Sol is on display at the National Museum of Anthropology.
The Web site shows the three parts carousel way, when you choose any of them displays a menu with general information: the year in which it was created, its dimensions, its findings and studies that have been made to each of them.
The interactive includes a button labeled 'Description', which displays information endorsed by researchers, who over 18 videos describe the importance of each piece and studies about them.
specialists involved in this project are the archaeologists Bertina Olmedo Vera, curator of the Mexica Hall National Museum of Anthropology and Fernando Carrizosa Monfort, Head of the Curatorial Department of the Museo del Templo Mayor. As
Ximena Chávez Balderas, a member of Templo Mayor Project, as well as restaurateur Maria Barajas Rocha, head of the Department of Restoration of premises.
In the apparatus dedicated to Tlaltecuhtli monolith created between 1502-1521, the user can know details of the symbolism that was for the Aztecs this deity of the land as well as information concerning the offering that was found by archaeologists and conservation processes, including highlights of its polychromy.
respect to the Sun Stone, whose antiquity is estimated dates from 1521, shows a detailed investigation of the iconography, since it is a monolith with a lot of small reliefs that reflect the fundamental concepts of worldview mexica.Finalmente, the image of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui imposing, carved between 1469-1481, is accompanied by an explanation of his finding, his mythology, the recovery of their color, symbolism and keeping their relationship with other female deities.

El Universal

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A broken bone sheds light on life in Cinctorres of dinosaurs

Bone found at the site
Cinctorres Anna
Paleontologists working in the field of dinosaur Anna Cinctorres have made a new discovery during the study of the fossil pieces recovered in 2004, the excavations were carried out at the site. This is a tail bone known as "chevron." The uniqueness of the finding lies in the fact that the bone was fractured while the animal lived, and then cured, but not welded properly. According
Andrés Santos, one of the paleontologists involved in the study "these kinds of fossils shed much light on the life of dinosaurs, as such, this case lets you know like a dinosaur suffered a fracture and it was cured." In this regard paleontologists believe that the bone fracture of the tail could be caused by the attack of another dinosaur or during mating of the animal.
After this break the bone was welded, but deviated from its original position producing a notable callus, which is an abnormal thickening of the bone. However this type of injury was not fatal to the animal, as evidenced by the healing of the fracture, but should not spend much time until his death, because the calluses are often reabsorbed after fracture healing and in this issue has not been reabsorbed.
Paleontologists working in Anna and Cinctorres Mayor, Antonio Ripoll, believe that the deposits of the locality and the Cultural Park dinomania (a current project) will continue to provide new information about dinosaurs of the region that will be of great importance for the development of it.
The director of excavations at the site Cinctorres Anna, Andrés Santos, hopes to recover more data on this dinosaur in new campaigns excavations. The field of dinosaur
Anna has become a privileged space for research in the region of Els Ports. The Cinctorrres deposit was discovered in 1998 and in 2002 performed the first excavation was already possible to find remains of more than 500 dinosaurs. Fossils have been recovered and are being studied in depth, as he has allowed to know the facts about this fractured bone. Levante

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The archaeological remains found in Estepona CHARE determine that the burials were in the settlement Corominas

Estepona Town Hall through the Municipal Culture and Heritage, has presented some of the pieces found in archaeological excavations made in the plot in the works to be carried Hospital Center High resolution site (CHAR), located in the Santa Maria, including within the boundaries of the archaeological site called "Loma de la Alberica 2."
In total, the land no longer used so far involve about 15,000 square meters, corresponding to 50% of the total plot of just over 30,000 square meters.
This first phase of excavations have been conducted by a team of archaeologists Arqueosub company, led by archaeologist Jeremy Perez, under the Compensation Board. The work has been approved by the Junta de Andalucía, and supervised by archaeologists and municipal Ildefonso Joaquín Navarro Aragon, who has explained that among the findings of this first phase of excavations, which have appeared thousands of fragments, highlights a number of excavated prehistoric storage structures in the field, with a length of about 5,000 years (between the Late Neolithic and Copper Age). Inside these structures have recovered several complete vessels made by hand (vessels for food and drink, food preparation, cooking ...), supports Roman weights of fabrics for clothing, sheets and flint arrowheads, axes , stone tools to carve decorations, a pendant of slate, and various anthropomorphic idols carved on slabs of slate, "which are the first of this type discovered in the province of Malaga, which indicate a rising religious sentiment."
The interest of these findings, according to archaeologists, is that it may determine "that the remains buried in prehistoric burial Corominas correspond to the inhabitants of the settlement." In this way, "can further our understanding of their lifestyle, diet, etc. ...".
addition to these prehistoric remains have also been discovered several structures belonging to a village "late antiquity" dated between the seventh and eighth centuries AD C., foundations, severely damaged, a tenth century Muslim farmstead and Roman settlement of the seventh century AD C.
The remains, once documented, were disassembled, with the authorization of the Provincial Historical Heritage Commission of the provincial delegation of Culture of the Junta de Andalucía. Once restored the material is part of the municipal funds of the Archaeological Museum.
Currently, work will focus on clearing and site preparation to carry out archaeological work on the part of the area still unexcavated, which provides for the emergence of new prehistoric remains that are excavated for later proceed to the alienation of plot. As explained
Delegate Councillor for Culture and Heritage, Silvia Cabrera, is that the scientific interest of the site, that this work was carried out in collaboration with the Department of Prehistory at the University of Málaga, "hence the need, highlighted , to value the Municipal Heritage and give the necessary budget. "
Corominas The prehistoric site was located in the northwest of the municipality in 2001, during the work of the Environmental Impact Study for the construction of the highway. Unable to change the draft works, we decided to build a Center of Megalithic Cemetery in an area very close to the site, in the Municipal Park "San Isidro Labrador" in The Pedregal, and move the remains discovered there, consisting of a megalithic burial 5,000 years ago, with 5 graves exceptionally preserved Prehistoric remains of several cabins and a cemetery burial bell with several complete outfits including ceramic unknown in the archaeological record from Malaga. In the vicinity of the area was also found a Roman burial third century C. with dowry.
This is one of the largest megalithic burial not only of the province of Malaga but of Andalusia, with several special features that make it unique: it is the most southerly of the localized, with exceptional preservation.
Interpretation Center Corona is a mound-shaped dome 24 meters in diameter and six meters high, hidden beneath the landscape, and crowned with a central eye, inside which the visitor can see the five megalithic tombs.

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The UNESCO Centre of Andalusia is not in favor of the restoration of the walled Hoya (Almería)

Jayrán Wall
The UNESCO Centre of Andalusia has publicly released a report on the restoration of the Great Wall de la Hoya, in which technical and legal minds in the same restoration done by the Ministry of Culture, at the same time requesting the withdrawal of weathering steel towers and is carried out an action to recover " aesthetic and heritage values \u200b\u200bthat had the walls of the Barranco de la Hoya before the reintegration of volumes made of cut steel. "

UNESCO CENTRE REPORT OF ANDALUSIA

the ravine La Muralla de la Hoya, who protected the former suburb of al-Musalla Almeria has been the subject of a recent restoration intervention, promoted by the Ministry of Culture Board Andalusia with the co State. This wall was built with the technique known as cob, which was used most in the Andalusian city fortifications from XI century. Presents the usual light ocher color produced by mixing components (stones, gravel, sand, clay and lime, mixed with water) and the patina that time has produced on its outer surface.
The Citadel and Walls of Cerro de San Cristóbal were declared historic-artistic monument in the year 1931 (Decree of 03/06/1931). Many years later, by Decree 83/2004 of 24 February (03/16/2004 BOJA) of Andalusia, was protected environment of a Cultural composed of those elements of defensive architecture, which includes the section of the wall of the gorge de la Hoya. This is a privileged sector, it has not been affected by urban development in the city today and maintains a very acceptable condition for its great antiquity.
During the last fifty years these walls and towers have undergone several restorations, which have been consolidated and completed the damaged or missing areas. These interventions were conducted in accordance with current legislation (the National Artistic Heritage Act, 1933, and later, the Law 16/1985 on English Historical Heritage). They basically two techniques used to reintegrate the lost volumes: the concrete with wooden casings and ocher colored mortar and traditional brick. In both cases the texture and color obtained closely resembled that of the original wall, so that from the beginning there was a harmony between new and old. This consistency was increasing with the patina that contributed over the years, so after a few decades only from a close look distinguished such interventions. These works were raised and projected, respectively, for administrators and technicians who did not want to leave his mark on the monument, but to contribute slightly to prolong its many centuries.
The recent intervention has also followed similar criteria to consolidate some of the pieces of damaged walls, however, in some towers criteria and has introduced new materials and discordant. We used a material like steel cut to complete the intramural faces two of its towers and terraces of three of them, and for the construction of a bridge over the old existing door at the bottom of the ravine, called Bab Musa . This material has a smooth texture and a dark brown color is a stark contrast to the rest of the wall, both in the front view of the towers and in the view from the terraces over the hill of San Cristobal and the Alcazaba. Moreover, in an environment close to the sea, and weather, weathering steel has the disadvantage that produce rust stains on old factory walls beneath. This material has been used to create great works of contemporary sculpture is also being used brilliantly in works of contemporary architecture, but is totally inadequate when used in the restoration of monuments built with porous walls as Andalusian.



The Art 20.3 of Law 14/2007 of Historical Heritage of Andalusia (BOJA 19/12/2007) states that "materials used in conservation, restoration and rehabilitation must be compatible with the good "and that" the construction methods and materials to be used shall be compatible with the building tradition of good. "Clearly, the weathering steel violates two provisions, because their physical properties (capillarity, thermal conductivity , hardness, elasticity, porosity, mechanical strength, oxidation resistance, etc.) are completely different from the walls of al-Andalus. As for the visual properties of weathering steel color has a hue, brightness and intensity that considerable contrast to the walls, focuses attention on the new parts rebuilt, removed prominence to what really has value historical and alters the overall harmony. In this sense, the Italian Letter Restauro 1987, in Article 7a, indicates that it is not advisable to overdo signaling additions and reinstatements "in order not to disturb the harmony of context" and suggests the use of a material "consistent with the existing chromatic."
UNESCO de Andalucía Center believes that weathering steel additions to the Wall of the Barranco de la Hoya are an unfortunate act that allows undue experimentation and contemporary artistic creativity will address the poetics of place, values \u200b\u200bof the techniques traditional construction and consolidated picture of the monument. This intervention is even more serious when that is done on a publicly owned BIC, with promotion and also public funding, so it could be interpreted as an example to be followed in future interventions.
Al Centro UNESCO de Andalucía is concerned the test applied by the Provincial Delegation of Almería of the Ministry of Culture of the Junta de Andalucía in this and other works on monuments of the province, as the Roman mausoleum Abla and lower castle Bacares . In our opinion it should apply the criterion of reversibility, to return to recover the aesthetic and economic values \u200b\u200bthat had the walls of the Barranco de la Hoya before reintegration of volumes made of Corten steel. Michael J.

Carrascosa Salas. President of the UNESCO Centre of Andalusia

Thus the UNESCO CENTRE OF ANDALUSIA adds to the many pronouncements of academic, cultural and social as well as citizen groups and neighborhood, as well as political groups, which have not been able to time to change the attitude of our Ministry of Culture, completely deaf to the views of citizens.
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Found in Peru 37 pre-Inca tombs

human remains are held Regional Directorate for Culture of Tacna:: Ernesto Suárez

Thirty-seven pre-Inca tombs whose data is located between 800 d. C. and 1445 d. C. were found while opening a trench to install a water and sewer system in the town center retail Boca del Rio, 60 km from the city of Tacna .
Gladys Barreto-archaeologist hired by the consortium Boca del Río, responsible for executing the work, "says that half of the graves found corresponds to funerals of children. Also found pottery and objects with symbolic representations of rafts, harpoons wood and copper hooks.
EXCHANGE OF CULTURES
Barreto estimated that the remains belong to the period known as Late and Regional Development that show the exchange between the cultures of the coast and valleys of the Sierra de Tacna.
The archaeologist said that the progress of this culture was recorded in parallel with developments between the Tambo Valley in Arequipa and Camarones, northern Chile (Tambo, Ilo, Sama, Caplina Lluta Azapa and Shrimp).
Jesus Gordillo, archeological investigations of the cultures of Tacna, highlights the development of this society: "We're talking advanced cultures whose main activity fisheries have been economic. "
The expert also pointed out that the remains of this cemetery, together with those found north in Tomoyo (most visible at the time), and Sama Valley, Vituña, Canepa beach, beach Meca, and Ite Punta Picata, show that the coast of Tacna was densely occupied at the time.
Barreto added that there are specialists Azapa Chilean Museum in Arica, which are interested in traveling to Tacna to support research of the remains found, which are now held by the Regional Directorate of Culture.
PROBLEMS IN THE
archaeologist said Gladys Barreto who, after being found, the remains had to be removed from the site immediately to avoid being affected.
Despite this measure, it emerged that 20 of the graves were damaged during the installation work of the drinking water supply and drainage. The consortium Boca del Rio, however, denied any prejudice.
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